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♥ Motivation

The Decoy Effect

Add a third option that is clearly worse than one choice, and that choice starts winning.

The research, plainly

Huber, Payne, and Puto discovered asymmetric dominance: introducing an option that's clearly inferior to one alternative (but not the other) shifts choices toward the dominating option. The decoy isn't meant to be chosen — it's meant to make choosing easy.

The receipt: Huber, Payne & Puto, 1982

What it means for events

Confused buyers defer; buyers with an obvious winner decide. Structure your tiers so the option you want chosen visibly dominates a nearby decoy — the comparison does the selling that the features couldn't.

Where to run it

Sponsorship packages

Three tiers where the middle exists to make the flagship look like the obvious call. Watch flagship share climb.

Ticket types

The 'conference only' pass priced near the 'conference + workshop' pass sells workshops without a word of copy.

Program options

When proposing event formats to leadership, the deliberately weaker third option is a decision accelerant.

Seen in the wild

The Economist's legendary pricing — web $59, print $125, print+web $125 — is the canonical decoy: the print-only option existed to make the bundle irresistible, and removing it collapsed bundle sales. Dan Ariely made it famous; pricing teams made it doctrine.

Related concepts

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Now use it

Score your own event against principles like this one — or make the whole vocabulary official.

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